Ụzọ bụ isi a na-esi agwọ mmiri mkpofu bụ iji ụzọ ọrụ aka dị iche iche kewapụ, wepụ na megharịa ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ dị na nsị na mmiri mkpofu, ma ọ bụ mee ka ha ghọọ ihe na-adịghị emerụ ahụ iji sachaa mmiri ahụ.
Enwere ọtụtụ ụzọ isi gwọọ nsị mmiri, nke enwere ike kewaa n'ụdị anọ, ya bụ ọgwụgwọ ndu, ọgwụgwọ anụ ahụ, ọgwụgwọ kemịkalụ na ọgwụgwọ eke.
1. Ọgwụgwọ ndu
Site na metabolism nke microorganisms, ihe ndị na-emetọ organic n'ụdị ngwọta, colloid na ezigbo nkwusioru na mmiri na-ekpofu na-agbanwe ghọọ ihe kwụsiri ike na nke na-adịghị emerụ ahụ. Dị ka ụmụ irighiri ihe dị iche iche si dị, a pụrụ ikewa ọgwụgwọ ihe ndị dị ndụ ụzọ abụọ: ọgwụgwọ ndụ ikuku na ọgwụgwọ anaerobic.
A na-eji usoro ọgwụgwọ ikuku nke ikuku eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ọgwụgwọ ndu nke mmiri mkpofu. Dị ka usoro usoro dị iche iche si dị, a na-ekewa usoro ọgwụgwọ aerobic dị iche iche na ụdị abụọ: usoro sludge na-arụ ọrụ na usoro biofilm. Usoro sludge arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya bụ ngalaba ọgwụgwọ, ọ nwere ụdị ọrụ dị iche iche. The ọgwụgwọ akụrụngwa nke biofilm usoro na-agụnye biofilter, ndu turntable, ndu kọntaktị oxidation tank na ndu fluidized bed, wdg The ndu oxidation ọdọ mmiri usoro a na-akpọkwa eke ndu usoro ọgwụgwọ. A na-eji ọgwụgwọ anaerobic biological, nke a makwaara dị ka ọgwụgwọ mbelata ihe ndụ, na-agwọkwa nnukwu mmiri mkpofu organic na sludge.
2. Ọgwụgwọ anụ ahụ
Enwere ike kewaa ụzọ nke ikewapụ na iweghachi ihe mmetọ kwụsịtụrụ enweghị soluble (gụnyere ihe nkiri mmanụ na ụmụ irighiri mmiri) n'ime mmiri ahịhịa site na omume anụ ahụ n'ime usoro nkewa ike ndọda, usoro nkewa centrifugal na usoro njigide sieve. Ngalaba ọgwụgwọ nke dị na usoro nkewa ike ndọda gụnyere sedimentation, na-ese n'elu mmiri (ikuku flotation), wdg, na ngwá ọrụ ọgwụgwọ kwekọrọ na ya bụ grit chamber, sedimentation tank, griiz trap, air flotation tank na ihe enyemaka ya, wdg; nkewa nke centrifugal n'onwe ya bụ ụdị ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ, ngwaọrụ nhazi eji agụnye centrifuge na hydrocyclone, wdg; Usoro njide ihuenyo nwere nkeji nhazi abụọ: njigide ihuenyo grid na filtration. Nke mbụ na-eji grids na ihuenyo, ebe nke ikpeazụ na-eji ájá ájá na nzacha na ihe nzacha microporous, wdg. Usoro ọgwụgwọ dabere na ụkpụrụ nke mgbanwe okpomọkụ bụkwa usoro ọgwụgwọ anụ ahụ, na akụkụ ọgwụgwọ ya gụnyere evaporation na crystallization.
3. Ọgwụgwọ kemịkalụ
Usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu nke na-ekewa ma na-ewepụ ihe mgbaze na colloidal n'ime mmiri mkpofu ma ọ bụ mee ka ha ghọọ ihe na-adịghị emerụ ahụ site na mmeghachi omume kemịkal na mbufe oke. Na usoro ọgwụgwọ kemịkalụ, ngalaba nhazi nke dabere na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nke dosing bụ: coagulation, neutralization, redox, wdg; mgbe nhazi nhazi nke dabeere na oke nfefe bụ: mmịpụta, ịdọpụ, ịkwanye , adsorption, mgbanwe ion, electrodialysis na reverse osmosis, wdg. A na-akpọ akụkụ abụọ nhazi nke ikpeazụ dịka teknụzụ nkewa akpụkpọ ahụ. N'ime ha, ngalaba ọgwụgwọ na-eji nfefe oke nwere ma mmetụta kemịkal na omume anụ ahụ metụtara ya, yabụ enwere ike kewapụ ya na usoro ọgwụgwọ kemịkalụ wee bụrụ ụdị ọgwụgwọ ọzọ, nke a na-akpọ usoro kemịkalụ anụ ahụ.
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Usoro ọgwụgwọ nsị mmiri nkịtị
1. Na-eweda mmiri mkpofu
Ihe ngosi mmetọ dị ka ọdịnaya mmanụ, CODcr na BOD5 na mmiri mmiri na-emebi emebi dị oke elu. Ụzọ ọgwụgwọ gụnyere mmịpụta acid, centrifugation ma ọ bụ ihe mgbaze. A na-eji usoro mmịpụta acid mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe, na-agbakwunye H2SO4 iji dozie uru pH na 3-4 maka demulsification, steaming na edemede na nnu, na-eguzo na 45-60 t maka 2-4 h, mmanụ nke nta nke nta na-ese n'elu iji mepụta griiz. oyi akwa. Mweghachi nke griiz nwere ike iru 96%, na mwepụ nke CODcr karịrị 92%. N'ozuzu, oke mmanụ dị na ntinye mmiri bụ 8-10g / L, na oke mmanụ dị na mmiri na-erughị 0.1 g / L. A na-edozikwa mmanụ ahụ enwetara wee gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ acid fatty agwakọta nke a ga-eji mee ncha.
2. Liming na ntutu isi na-ewepụ mmiri mkpofu
Liming na iwepụ ntutu isi na mmiri mkpofu nwere protein, lime, sodium sulfide, ihe ndị siri ike kwụsịtụrụ, 28% nke mkpokọta CODcr, 92% nke mkpokọta S2-, na 75% nke mkpokọta SS. Ụzọ ọgwụgwọ gụnyere acidification, mmiri mmiri ọgwụ na oxidation.
A na-ejikarị usoro acidification eme ihe na mmepụta. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke nrụgide na-adịghị mma, gbakwunye H2SO4 iji dozie uru pH na 4-4.5, mepụta gas H2S, tinye ya na ngwọta NaOH, ma mepụta sulfurized alkali maka iji ya mee ihe. A na-enyocha protein soluble n'ime mmiri mkpofu, saa ya ma kpọọ nkụ. bụrụ ngwaahịa. Ọnụego mwepụ sulfide nwere ike iru karịa 90%, yana CODcr na SS belatara site na 85% na 95% n'otu n'otu. Ọnụ ya dị ala, ọrụ mmepụta dị mfe, dị mfe ịchịkwa, na usoro mmepụta ihe na-ebelata.
3. Chrome tanning mmiri mkpofu
Isi ihe na-emetọ mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ chrome tanning bụ ọla dị arọ Cr3+, mkpokọta mkpokọta dị ihe dịka 3-4g / L, uru pH adịchaghị acidic. Ụzọ ọgwụgwọ gụnyere ọdịda alkali na imegharị ya ozugbo. 90% nke tanneries ụlọ na-eji usoro mmiri ozuzo alkali, na-agbakwunye lime, sodium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, wdg iji mebie mmiri mmiri chromium, na-emeghachi omume na dehydrating iji nweta sludge nwere chromium, nke enwere ike iji ya mee ihe na usoro tanning mgbe agbazere ya na sulfuric acid. .
N'oge mmeghachi omume, pH uru bụ 8.2-8.5, na mmiri ozuzo kacha mma na 40 Celsius. Ihe na-akpata alkali bụ magnesium oxide, ọnụego mgbake chromium bụ 99%, na mkpokọta chromium dị n'ime ihe na-esi na ya erughị 1 mg / L. Otú ọ dị, usoro a dị mma maka akwa akwa akwa, na adịghị ọcha dị ka mmanụ soluble na protein na apịtị chrome a na-emegharị ga-emetụta mmetụta tanning.
4. Comprehensive mmiri mkpofu
4.1. Usoro ọgwụgwọ mbụ: Ọ na-agụnyekarị ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụgwọ dị ka grille, tankị na-achịkwa, tank sedimentation na tank flotation ikuku. Nleba nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na ihe siri ike kwụsịtụrụ na mmiri nsị anụ dị elu. A na-eji usoro ihe eji eme ihe iji dozie oke mmiri na àgwà mmiri; wepụ SS na ihe siri ike kwụsịtụrụ; belata akụkụ nke ibu mmetọ ma mepụta ọnọdụ dị mma maka ọgwụgwọ ndu na-esote.
4.2. Usoro ọgwụgwọ usoro ndu: ρ (CODcr) nke mmiri mkpofu akpụkpọ anụ na-abụkarị 3000-4000 mg / L, ρ (BOD5) bụ 1000-2000mg / L, nke sitere na mmiri mkpofu ahịhịa dị elu, m (BOD5) / m (CODcr) uru. Ọ bụ 0.3-0.6, nke kwesịrị ekwesị maka ọgwụgwọ ndu. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị oxidation ditch, SBR na biological contact oxidation na China, ebe aeration jet, batch biofilm reactor (SBBR), bed fluidized and upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB).
Oge nzipu: Jan-17-2023
